COMPULSORY COURSES
LANDSCAPE TECHNICAL OFFICIAL (4 ECTS Credits)
Theoretical information about drawing, techniques, tools, and equipment, and theoretical and practical studies. Within the scope of the course, drawing tools, their properties, and how they are used are explained.
INTRODUCTION TO LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE (2 ECTS Credits)
Concepts of landscape, landscape architecture, landscape architect, development of landscape architecture profession; basic education subjects such as landscape design, landscape planning, plant material, and usage; landscape architecture study subjects, national and international professional organizations; basic approaches in defining landscape; natural and cultural characteristics of Turkey; Mediterranean region natural and cultural landscape features; Aegean region natural and cultural landscape features; Marmara region natural and cultural landscape features; Black Sea region natural and cultural landscape features; Central Anatolia region natural and cultural landscape features; Eastern Anatolia region natural and cultural landscape features; South Eastern Anatolia region natural and cultural landscape features.
BASIC DESIGN (5 ECTS Credits)
It includes the examination of the basic principles and elements of design with examples and applications.
HISTORY OF LANDSCAPE ART (2 ECTS Credits)
Landscape concept and its relationship with art, the historical development of human-landscape relations, Egyptian gardens, gardens in Mesopotamian civilizations (Sumerian, Babylonian, Assyrian), Iranian gardens, Greek and Roman gardens, monastery and castle gardens in medieval Europe, garden understanding in Islam, Far Eastern gardens (Chinese, Japanese), Renaissance and Baroque gardens, French Grand Style understanding, English naturalistic garden understanding, garden art in Turks, modern garden and landscape art.
DENDROLOGY-I (4 ECTS Credits)
This course includes the importance of plant material in landscape planning and design, definition of dendrology, organography, taxonomic classification and nomenclature of plants, adaptation in plants and factors guiding plant selection in design, recognition, dendrological characteristics, culture, propagation, and use of closed-seeded (Angiospermae) woody outdoor ornamental plant species.
BUILDING MATERIAL KNOWLEDGE (3 ECTS Credits)
General information about building materials and their use in Landscape Architecture works, natural materials (stone, aggregate, wood, metal), artificial materials (concrete, terracotta products, mosaics, block, tiles, briquettes, synthetic petroleum products, geotextiles), pipes (steel pipes, plastic pipes), paints and preservatives), binders (cement, lime, gypsum), metal joining materials (bolts, nuts, screws, welding, rivets)
PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES of ORNAMENTAL PLANTS(4 ECTS Credits)
Definition and classification of ornamental plants, sectoral developments in Turkey and the world, characteristics sought in areas to be selected for ornamental plant production, infrastructure used in ornamental plant cultivation, growing media used in ornamental plant cultivation, ornamental plant propagation methods and cultivation techniques of selected sample species constitute the content of this course.
PERSPECTIVE DRAWING TECHNIQUE (5 ECTS Credits)
Perspective Drawing Technique course includes learning the methods of perspective drawing with rules.
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (5 ECTS Credits)
Within the scope of the course, after basic computer knowledge is given, AutoCAD and Photoshop programs in which project drawings and visualizations are carried out are explained.
LANDSCAPE CONSTRUCTION-I (4 ECTS Credits)
The aims of construction, which is the art of clarifying and constructing landscape structures, flooring elements and their construction techniques, road, car park, curb, step, ramp, railing types, and construction techniques, drainage and enclosure elements (stone, brick and concrete walls, fences and railings) and roof elements materials and construction techniques, as well as technical information for the construction of plan, section, and perspective drawings are given theoretically and practically.
LANDSCAPE PROJECT-I (6 ECTS Credits)
Within the scope of the course, students design a villa garden by using the knowledge they have previously gained in drawing and design courses. The course includes site analysis, spot plan, preliminary project, final project, structural and vegetative landscape projects, section-view, perspectives, and detail stages.
LANDSCAPE PROJECT-II (6 ECTS Credits)
"Landscape Project 2" course is the second of a series of five project courses and aims to teach landscape design in public housing and housing estate areas. The course includes site analysis, spot plan, preliminary project, final project, structural and vegetative landscape projects, section-view, perspectives, and detail stages.
LANDSCAPE ENGINEERING-I (4 ECTS Credits)
Perception of landforms, interpretation of leveling curves, leveling techniques for buildings and other structural areas, leveling techniques for roads, leveling for drainage purposes, calculation of excavation and filling areas and volumes
ANNUAL AND PERENNIAL FLOWERS (4 ECTS Credits)
This course includes the importance of seasonal and perennial flowers in terms of landscape planning and design, technical characteristics and production stages, advanced techniques used in the propagation of such plants, factors affecting plant growth and development (temperature, light, water and irrigation, plant nutrients and fertilization), seasonal and perennial ornamental plant species, characteristics, cultivation and usage techniques, and problems.
PLANT DESIGN-I (4 ECTS Credits)
Plant design; aims, principles, functions, properties of plant material as a "design" element: stem, branching, flowering, fruit, leaf color, stem color, visual, aesthetic, and functional properties of plants in the plant growth development cycle, aesthetic principles in plant design: color, texture, form, line, principles of visual effect in plant design: balance, scale, contrast, sequence, functional principles in plant design: movement control, visual control, climate improvement, noise control, biodiversity conservation, erosion control, environmental and environmental quality improvement
plant design project: plant plan views, plan, scale, section, perspective features in plant design project, different planting techniques and standards and application projects, plant design process, plant and planting general standards in plant design, factors limiting plant design, natural species in planting
plant plan views, plan, scale, section, perspective features in the plant design project, different planting techniques and standards and application projects, plant design process, plant and planting general standards in plant design, factors limiting plant design, the use of natural species in planting, the importance of plant material in climate change, global warming, drought, and sustainable landscape architecture practices that directly concern professional practices, General Evaluation.
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY (3 ECTS Credits)
Definition and content of landscape ecology; definition and functions of the factors forming the landscape; information on the structure, function, and change of the landscape, landscape elements (landscape mosaic, landscape matrix, landscape patch, landscape corridor), time and space scale in ecology, the geometry of the landscape, biodiversity at community and landscape levels, human-designed landscapes
LANDSCAPE PLANNING-I (6 ECTS Credits)
What is planning? What are planning types and landscape planning? Stages of landscape planning, the necessity of landscape planning for sustainable development, conservation of species and habitats, landscape planning studies in cultural landscapes (agriculture, highway, forest, etc.), methods used in landscape planning, historical development in landscape planning, and the importance and evaluation of socio-economic data. Expert, sector, institution, and public participation in landscape planning studies.
LANDSCAPE PROJECT-III (6 ECTS Credits)
Landscape Project 3 course focuses on the design of open and green spaces in an urban context. The course includes site analysis, spot plan, preliminary project, final project, structural and vegetative landscape projects, section-view, perspectives, and detail stages.
LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS (3 ECTS Credits)
Landscape analysis and why landscape analysis is needed, literature review and literature presentation, survey methods, tools used in analysis studies, aerial photographs and satellite images, surveys, socio-economic and cultural values, analysis of natural landscape resources: geology and geomorphology, topography (slope and aspect analyses), climatic factors, soil, hydrology, vegetation and wildlife, use of information provided by landscape analysis in landscape architecture.
CULTURE AND LANDSCAPE (3 ECTS Credits)
Within the scope of this course, the interaction between landscape and culture will be discussed temporally with its development in the historical process and spatially with the characteristics it has gained in different geographies. It is aimed to train individuals who can analyze the interaction between landscape and culture with different approaches and reflect the characteristics of this interaction in landscape design and planning studies.
REMOTE SENSING and GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS in LANDSCAPE PLANNING (4 ECTS credits)
The geographic information systems course covers topics such as basic map information, an overview of information systems, a definition of geographic information systems, functions, components, data models, vector data models, raster (cellular) data models, data collection techniques, database concepts, spatial analyses, presentation of information and map design, remote sensing, electromagnetic spectrum, sensor platforms, maps, aerial photographs, cartography, and coordinate system, and how remote sensing science and technology are used in agricultural applications.
LANDSCAPE PLANNING-II (6 ECTS Credits)
Landscape, different definitions of landscape, Natural factors forming the landscape; soil, topography, hydrological structure, climate, geology-geomorphology, vegetation, wildlife, Landscape structure; Patch, corridor, matrix, mosaic, Defining landscape potential and landscape functions, Definition, purpose, characteristics of landscape planning, Standard working template in landscape planning, Landscape change and change processes, Land uses in landscape planning Different dimensions of landscape, Landscape Character Analysis and its place in landscape planning, Basic information about different landscape classification methods, Landscape classification studies in the member countries of the European Landscape Convention
URBAN OPEN AND GREEN SPACE PLANNING (6 ECTS Credits)
City concept; history of urbanization; planning and planning concepts; urban planning; urban open and green space systems; open and green space concepts, types, functions; open and green space planning principles, parks, sports and playgrounds, tree-lined streets and boulevards, bicycle paths, promenades, squares, pedestrian zones
NATURE CONSERVATION (3 ECTS Credits)
Within the scope of this course, environmental and nature conservation studies, the historical development of nature conservation in the world and our country, aims and justifications of environmental and nature conservation, evaluation criteria in nature conservation, categories of nature conservation areas in our country and internationally, general criteria for the declaration of protected areas and criteria applied in our country, international nature conservation agreements and important environmental protection organizations, planning methods of protected areas, legal bases in determining protected areas, protected areas in our country and the problems and solutions of these areas will be examined.
LAWNS AND GROUND COVER PLANTS (4 ECTS Credits)
This course includes the definition of grasses and their importance in terms of Landscape Architecture, quality criteria in grasses, taxonomy, morphological characteristics and classification of grass species, cool climate grass species, warm climate grass species and propagation techniques, creation stages of grass areas, mixtures, basic maintenance operations and problems in grass areas; definition and properties of ground cover plants, planting techniques, major ground cover plant species, their properties, growing conditions, and usage areas.
INTERNSHIP-I (3 ECTS Credits)
Plant Application Internship, Landscape Architecture education in the direction of the information received during the plant material related to the skills and experience to increase the practice, plant material recognition, cultivation, and application of activities related to the recognition of new knowledge and skills by seeing on-site, nursery plant material production, cultivation, transplantation and planting or maintenance of all the material and manpower potential used for the production, cultivation, transplantation and planting or maintenance of plant material in the nursery, the elements of this potential, the relationship between them and the nursery system covers the functioning of the issues.
LANDSCAPE PROJECT-IV (12 ECTS Credits)
In this course, which focuses on sustainable tourism facilities or hotel landscape design, landscape design processes are studied in relatively large areas such as 8-10 ha. In the design of these areas, it is important to analyze the tourism type, user profile, physical, and visual relations with the environment, light-sound relations, and climatic relations. The landscape design process includes the stages of area analysis, determination of land uses for the needs, preliminary project (structural design, vegetative design), final project, project detail, and visualization of the project.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (4 ECTS Credits)
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an environmental policy tool that systematically and as comprehensively as possible brings together and evaluates all the effects of a project on the environment that can be considered at the decision stage and determines the principles of publicizing the project in terms of the environment. Within the scope of this course; the definition of EIA, historical development in our country and other countries; EIA legal process in our country, EIA report preparation and evaluation criteria; EIA stages, the introduction of the professions to collaborate in the preparation of EIA, EIA systematics for some case studies, characteristics of environmental impacts, some functions of natural factors in nature, EIA methods will be explained.
FINAL PROJECT-I (3 ECTS Credits)
It includes the preparation of a graduation project on a subject of interest in landscape architecture, which is determined by the student and the supervisor together and discussed in the Department Board. The graduation project can be a landscape design or landscape planning project, plant production, and other subjects.
LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT (3 ECTS Credits)
Definition of landscape management concept, importance, purpose, basic objectives, basic concepts, principles, theoretical approaches, international and national examples, preparation stages of landscape management projects, Council of Europe landscape management guide, preparation of landscape management project in a sample area
LANDSCAPE PROJECT-V (12 ECTS Credits)
"Landscape Project 5 (PP5)" is the last of a series of five project courses and covers advanced landscape design studies. The course includes site analysis, spot plan, preliminary project, final project, structural and vegetative landscape projects, section-view, perspectives, and detail stages.
LANDSCAPE REPAIR TECHNIQUES (4 ECTS Credits)
Landscape restoration has emerged as a way of solving engineering problems by utilizing plants. Landscape restoration studies applied within the discipline of landscape architecture aim to establish a stable and sustainable natural relationship between activities and ecosystems. Since the basic material of landscape restoration is the ecosystem, ecosystem characteristics should be well known. Although it is possible to use biological and technical measures together in landscape restoration works, plants constitute the center of gravity of these works. Landscape restoration can be carried out in rural and urban areas, in areas degraded by natural or human activities. Within the scope of this course, the development process of landscape restoration techniques, planning of landscape restoration works, materials used in landscape restoration, their properties and their comparison, landscape restoration works in some problematic areas, and the importance of landscape restoration and its evaluation in terms of our country will be made.
FINISH PROJECT-II (3 ECTS Credits)
It includes the preparation of a graduation project on a subject of interest in landscape architecture, which is determined by the student and the supervisor together and discussed in the Department Board. The graduation project can be a landscape design or landscape planning project, plant production, and other subjects.
INTERNSHIP-II (3 ECTS Credits)
Objectives of Planning and Design Internship; In line with the information taken in the courses related to landscape planning and design at the university, it covers the subjects of practicing in the offices, increasing skills and experience, seeing real-life landscape planning, design, and project design applications on site and gaining new knowledge and skills by engaging in an interdisciplinary activity.
ELECTIVE PACKAGE I
GENERAL ECOLOGY (3 ECTS Credits)
Definition of ecology science, historical development, basic theories and concepts in ecology, sub-branches of ecology science and its relations with other branches of science, characteristics of population, community, and ecosystem, basic biogeochemical cycles, and basic ecological problems.
ELECTIVE PACKAGE II
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS (3 ECTS Credits)
The distancing between nature and man has increased the capacity of man to utilize natural resources and thus environmental problems. Within the scope of the course; environmental problems and their causes, the history of human and environmental relations, environmental policies in the world and our country, and the main environmental problems air, water, soil, noise, and visual pollution, the reduction of biodiversity, Turkey's environmental problems on a regional scale, measures to be taken against environmental problems and Sustainable Development concepts will be given information about.
ELECTIVE PACKAGE III
DENDROLOGY-II (4 ECTS Credits)
The basic characteristics, classification, families, genera, and species of open-seeded (Gymnospermae) plants, recognition of closed-seeded (Angiospermae) and open-seeded (Gymnospermae) woody outdoor ornamental plant species, dendrological characteristics, culture, propagation and use in the landscape are the content of this course.
ARCHITECTURAL SCIENCE (2 ECTS Credits)
Explanation of architectural concepts that form the basis of the architectural profession; project design phases; the importance of form and function concepts in architecture; traditional construction types and materials; the architectural structures identified at the beginning of the semester are researched by the students and presented in the course,
APPLICATIONS IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE (2 ECTS Credits)
It includes visual and practical information studies in the application areas where landscape maintenance and ornamental plant production activities are carried out together with the on-site observation of applications for the use of infrastructure activities, building materials, and plant materials in landscape architecture.
ELECTIVE PACKAGE IV
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN-II (5 ECTS Credits)
3D Studio Max program, which is a modeling and visualization program used in Landscape Architecture, is explained. After explaining the basic drawing commands, texture, material, and light information are given and applied examples are explained to create three-dimensional models and visualizations.
LANDSCAPE CONSTRUCTION-II (4 ECTS Credits)
Theoretical and practical technical information is given theoretically and practically to make plans, sections, and perspective drawings for the construction of landscape structures together with materials and construction techniques.
NATURAL PLANT CULTURE (4 ECTS credits)
"Natural vegetation" is formed by natural factors without being under anthropogenic influences. Natural factors affect the formation of natural vegetation. Anthropogenic factors affect the distribution of natural vegetation. Interaction between climate zones and natural vegetation in Turkey.
Phytogeography and phytogeographic regions of Turkey: Euro-Siberian, Mediterranean, Iran-Turanian. Natural Plant Regions of Turkey: Mediterranean Southern Anatolia, Aegean, Central Europe and Eastern Black Sea Beech-Fir Forests, Submediteran Larch Forests, Southern Anatolia Cedar-Fir Mountain Forests and Amanos Mountains, Boreal Spruce and Pine, Oak Juniper Forests of Eastern Anatolia, Steppe and Alpine regions of Anatolia.
General characteristics of natural plant regions, typical natural plant species they contain, causes of deterioration in vegetation, situations, and examples are discussed. Species diversity and endemism in natural vegetation. General Evaluation.
ELECTIVE PACKAGE V
PLANT DESIGN-II (4 ECTS Credits)
Design is an ongoing process and the Vegetative Design II course foresees the use of plants in more specialized and defined subjects. In the process of landscape design, the definition of vegetative design, and its stages will be discussed around the production of the vegetative design project. In the projects to be carried out in specialized subjects and areas such as restoration of degraded areas, vegetative design in historical areas, arid landscapes, and design for the disabled, it is expected to visualize the details of vegetative design with different techniques and to reveal the interaction between structural elements and plants. Ecological sustainability issues will also be addressed in project solutions with special plant species and groups such as interior gardens, wall plants, aquatic plants, ferns, bamboo, bulbs, and roses.
LANDSCAPE ENGINEERING-II (4 ECTS Credits)
Within the scope of the course, open and closed drainage system designs that will be required for the collection or removal of surface runoff that will occur with surface drainage after land shaping processes will be examined in various landscape design examples. In addition, within the scope of the Landscape Engineering II course, it is aimed to examine the equilibrium and motion conditions under the influence of engineering mechanics and force on the elements that make up the landscape structures and the loads on the structures by considering economic, aesthetic, and safety.
RECREATIONAL AREA PLANNING (4 ECTS Credits)
Recreation concept, types of recreation, motivation and recreational demand in recreation, recreation resources, rural and urban recreation areas
Factors affecting recreation activity and recreation potential; natural landscape factors, infrastructure and superstructure factors, socio-cultural factors Recreational planning: site selection, space organisation, physical planning, design, spot study; general distribution of the uses specified in the project needs list within the area, analysis of the needs for recreation activities such as picnics, walking, swimming, camping, pedestrian and vehicle circulation Basic structural equipment in recreation areas, examples, standards, information in recreation areas, orientation forms and tools Examples of planning of recreational areas, details for different recreation types, solutions for area uses and area circulation Recreation and environment; Negative environmental effects of recreational activities on different landscape factors, ecosystems and areas-uses Recreational carrying capacity and social carrying capacity, Sustainable recreation; means of protecting the natural structure in the recreational planning process, Planting in recreational planning, natural landscape applications, Environmental protection in recreational areas, Blue Flag applications Recreational area planning, existing legal and institutional structure on authorised institutions, related legal regulations
ELECTIVE PACKAGE VI
PROJECT PRESENTATION TECHNIQUES (5 ECTS Credits)
The Project Presentation Techniques course aims to examine the traditional and modern presentation techniques used in landscape design from the analysis sheet stage to the application sheet stage in various project examples. In addition, it is aimed to emphasize the advantageous and disadvantageous aspects of presentation techniques by applying project presentation techniques in a project area determined in Antalya province.
MODEL MAKING TECHNIQUES (3 ECTS Credits)
Within the scope of the course, starting from natural terrain models to the models of the designed projects, model-making techniques will be explained with their stages. During the course, starting with the concept of scale, the materials used in model making will be introduced, the possibilities of using natural and artificial materials in models will be mentioned, the stages of applying the project components to be used in the model on the model (cutting, painting, gluing, etc.) and different techniques used in these stages will be learned. During the semester, the model application will be completed on a sample area studied and presented as a final assignment.
CITY AND REGION PLANNING (3 ECTS Credits)
Introduction to urbanism, the evolution of urbanism, history of urbanism, urban theories, urban establishment schemes, establishment characteristics of cities, urbanization concept, plan- planning- urban and regional planning, Turkey planning system- zoning plans and types, spatial planning in the European Union, urban design concept, urban conservation concept, urban transformation concept, urban green space planning are the contents of this course.
ELECTIVE PACKAGE VII
PROJECT APPLICATION TECHNIQUE (5 ECTS Credits)
The course aims to learn the project implementation process. Within the scope of the course, after the project design and drawing works are completed, the process until the application is completed is explained. In addition, tender procedures, legal rights, and responsibilities, quantity surveying applications, and construction site processes are examined within the project implementation process.
MODERNISM AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE (3 ECTS Credits)
In this course, the periods covered by the concept of modern landscape architecture, landscape architecture practices in these periods, landscape architects' approaches, and examples of their works are examined and the development in the process is revealed. Within the scope of the course, the effects of the perspectives of modernist landscape architects on the development of landscape design and landscape architecture from the past to the present are examined.
Modernism Movement, Effects of Modernism on Landscape Architecture, Gabriel Guevrekian's water and light garden, Pierre Legrain's Tachard garden, Andre and Paul Vera's Hotel Noailles garden, Fletcher Steele's Naumkeag project, Christopher Tunnard and gardens in the modern landscape, Garret Eckbo and landscape for life, James Rose's functionalism and zen approach in abstract art and functional landscape period, Daniel Urban Kiley and his synthesist approach, Thomas Church and his gardens for people, Burle Marx and landscape as abstract art, Luis Barragan and the landscape of surrealist expressionism, Isamu Noguchi and his original forms, Lawrence Halprin and abstracted nature, Martha Schwartz, Peter Walker, Hideo Sasaki, and Charles Jencks in the postmodernism and postmodern landscape period.
TOURISM LANDSCAPES (3 ECTS Credits)
The concept of tourism, development of tourism in the world and in Turkey, 2023 Turkey Tourism Strategy, Tourism Incentive Law and its applications; factors causing landscape change; the concept of "tourism or tourist landscape", landscape transformations due to tourism developments, social, economic, cultural and political factors and results of transformations
INDOOR PLANTS (3 ECTS Credits)
Definition of interior space and the importance of plant applications in these spaces in terms of aesthetic, psychological, physiological, educational, etc. factors, basic growing requirements of indoor plants and general maintenance procedures, commonly used propagation techniques, common disease, and pest problems, the introduction of major indoor plant species and their general characteristics and usage areas.
ELECTIVE PACKAGE VIII
LANDSCAPE MAINTENANCE (5 ECTS Credits)
The role of the Landscape Architect in the maintenance and maintenance of green areas, landscape maintenance sector, and human relations in this sector, pruning and shaping applications in plants, basic principles in planting and planting, irrigation, mowing, mulching, and fertilization applications in lawns, ground cover plants, trees and shrubs and other ornamental plants, disease, pest and weed problems and methods that can be used in their control. In addition, the methods and techniques to be followed in accessing information and presenting the results of research on a specified subject will be discussed.
EUROPEAN UNION ENVIRONMENT, NATURE AND LANDSCAPE POLICIES (3 ECTS Credits)
Definitions of environment, nature, landscape, the requirements of environment and nature conservation, the establishment process of the European Union and how environmental and nature conservation policies are handled in this process, environmental action programs, the main application areas of EU environmental policies; air and water protection, waste, waste management, industry and risk management, climate change, sustainable development, protection of nature and biodiversity in the European Union; legal, institutional financial instruments in nature conservation, nature conservation networks, programs, Flora-Fauna-Habitat Directive, NATURA 2000 Network, CORINE Biotopes, EUNIS Habitats, Integration of EU environment and nature conservation policies in Turkey in the process of membership, Development of landscape policies in the European Union, European Landscape Convention, APS in Turkey
URBAN DESIGN (3 ECTS Credits)
Urban design theories and policies, urban texture and history, urban architecture and history, understanding, and evaluation of urban form and aesthetics, ecology, technical infrastructure, transport, urban landscape, social sociology, and economics, which are related to urban design study subjects, and urban design methods and techniques. Determination of structural, social, economic, and cultural qualities and physical environment - settlement texture relations in a new settlement area including various functions; analysis of land use, transportation system, building layout, and other relations; determination of other elements and relations between elements that make up the settlement texture; applied studies are carried out for the expression of the fiction of the settlement layout designed for contemporary and future with two and three-dimensional techniques.
COASTAL LANDSCAPES (3 ECTS Credits)
Definition of coastal concept, coastal types, coastal ecosystems; coastal landscapes; international and regional programs and conventions for the protection of coasts; predictions for coastal planning; legal regulations related to coastal areas in Turkey, environmental layout plans; measures for the protection of coastal ecosystems; the concept of integrated coastal zone management and related issues.
Son güncelleme : 3.08.2023 14:53:00